Smart Lecture Guide

  NETWORK TYPES A network is the interconnection of a set of devices capable of communication. In this definition, a device  can be a host (or an end system as it is sometimes called) such as a large computer, desktop, laptop,  workstation, cellular phone, or security system.   1.Local Area Network  (LAN) LAN stands for  Local Area Network , which is a network of devices connected within a limited area, like a home, office, or school.  LANs can be small or large, but they're always limited to a single area.   LANs allow devices to communicate, share resources, and access the internet.   They can connect a variety of devices, including: Servers, Desktop computers, Laptops, Printers, IoT devices, and Game consoles.     2. Wide Area Network : WAN stands for  Wide Area Network , which is a computer network that connects smaller networks over a large geographical area.  WANs can connect offices, data centers, cloud storage, and cloud applications.  Point-to-Point WAN :  A p

Protocol and Standard in Computer Networks Protocols and standards are important in computer networks. They are like the rules and guidelines that allow different devices and systems to communicate and work together smoothly. Protocols define how data is sent, received, and processed, while standards ensure that various technologies are compatible with each other. 

Data Communications  and Networking 3rd semester Chapter 1#   LECTURE  : 01  DATA COMMUNICATIONS:  Data communications are the exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as a wire cable.  . The effectiveness of a data communications system depends on four fundamental characteristics: 1 . Delivery.    The system must deliver data to the correct destination. Data must be received by the intended device  or user and only by that device or user. 2 . Accuracy. The system must deliver the data accurately. Data that have been altered in transmission and left  uncorrected are unusable. 3. Timeliness.  The system must deliver data in a timely manner. Data delivered late are useless. In the case of video  and audio, timely delivery means delivering data as they are produced, in the same order that they are  produced, and without signifi cant delay.   4. Jitter.  Jitter refers to the variation in the packet arrival time. It is the uneven delay in the de